English+Colonization+of+the+North,+Chapter+3


 * Puritans**

-Beliefs -The puritans believed that god was all-powerful and all good. -Humans were corrupt and weak. -Predestination – Determined who was the “elect” and who was destined for damnation. -“Elect” are those who are blessed for eternal bliss. -Expected to lead sanctified lives -They wanted the protestant reformation to speed up. -They grew impatient and wanted the Church of England to become wholly de-catholicized. -They believed that only “visible saints” should be granted church membership. -Reasons that they left England -They didn’t like how the church allowed the “saints” to share pews and communion rails with the “damned”. -Puritans Versus Indians -Shortly after the pilgrims arrived in Plymouth an epidemic hit the coastal Indian tribes hard. -This killed three quarters of the native people. -The Wampanoag Indians first befriended the settlers. -There was actually an Indian named Squanto who learned to speak English when he was captured by a ships captain year earlier. -The chief of this tribe signed a treaty with the pilgrims in 1621 and celebrated the first Thanksgiving with them. -In 1637 hostility broke out between the native Pequot tribe and the settlers. -The settlers slaughtered the Pequot tribe ending the Pequot war. -The Puritans tried to convert the remaining Indians to Christianity. -The Indians only hope of resisting the English was to unify their tribes. -In 1675 King Philip led a series of assaults on English villages in New England. -The war ended in 1676. -King Philip (Metacom) was killed and his family was sold off into slavery. -After this the Indians weren’t much of a threat to the New England colonies.


 * Pilgrims**

-Separatists left Holland in 1608 -They wanted to find a haven and they decided that the logical choice was America. -A group of them set sail on the Mayflower. -Arrived at England in 1620 -They chose their first colony at Plymouth Bay -They lived outside of the Virginia Company and away from English rule. -It was an agreement to form a government and to obey the rules that were agreed upon. -The winter of 1620-1621 had a harsh toll on the Plymouth colony. -In fall of 1621 the fist Thanksgiving took place in New England. -Leaders
 * Mayflower Compact**
 * William Bradford** – Self taught scholar and was chosen to be governor 30 times.

-The puritans all shared the belief that they had a "calling" from god to do his work. -The serious commitment to work and to engagement in worldly pursuits was known as the "protestant ethics" -Laws were "god laws", based on the bible -Everyone, even nonbelievers, paid taxes on government-supported church.
 * Massachusetts Bay Colony/Bible Commonwealth**


 * People:**

- first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony - believed that he had a "calling" from god to lead a new religious experiment.
 * John Winthrop**

- Intelligent, strong willed mother of 14 children. - believed that a holy life was no sure sign of salvation and that the truly saved need not bother to obey the law of either god or man.
 * Anne Hutchinson:**

- A separatist who was a salem minister. - he believed civil government should not regulate religious behavior. - Because of his beliefs, Roger was thrown out of the community and later settled in Rhode Island
 * Roger Williams**



-Connecticut River settlement -Established a document known as Fundamentals Orders -This was a modern constitution -Democratically controlled by “substantial” citizens -New Haven settlement -It began in 1638 -Founded by Puritans -Charles the 2nd did not like this settlement because two judges who condemned his father to death took shelter there. -In 1692 the king granted a charter to Connecticut merging New Haven in with more democratic settlements in the Connecticut Valley.
 * New England**

- Created by royal authority - The leader was Sir Admund Andros - The purpose was to bolster defense in the event of war with the Indians and to promote urgently needed efficiency in administration of the English navigation laws. - this acted only allowed the americans to trade with countries ruled by england. though, some still secretly traded. - an able english miliraty man, conscientious and tactless. - as a leader he: curbed cherished town meeting; made restrictions on the courts, press and schools; revoked all - he was shipped off to england after the Dominion of New england collapsed once americans found out about the Glorious Revolution. - In 1691, Massachusetts received a new charter. The charter allowed all men, churched or nonchurched, to vote.
 * Dominion of New England**
 * //Sir Edmund Andros//**
 * landtitles;** taxed the people without consent of elected representatives; enforced Navigation Laws and ended smuggling

-1636 Roger Williams fled to Rohde Island -He established freedom for all religion -Colony of outcasts -Grew from fishing and trade -The Bay Colony absorbed it in 1641. -The king did not like the greed of the Bay colony and separated New Hampshire from Massachusetts in 1679 and made it a royal colony. -Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence -In 1643 four colonies banded together to form the New England Confederation. -The purpose of this confederation was to defend against foes or potential foes such as the Indians, the French, and the Dutch. -Each colony had two votes. -It consisted of two Connecticut colonies (New Haven and the scattered valley settlements) and two Massachusetts colonies (Bay Colony and Plymouth). -The Confederation was the first step towards colonial unity. -In 1660 Charles 2nd was restored to the English throne. -This crushed any Puritan hopes of purifying the English church. -Charles 2nd then decided that he wanted control over the colonies. -1684 the charter of the Bay colony was revoked by London.
 * Rhode Island**
 * New Hampshire**

- The Netherlands fought for and won their independence from spain in the 17th century. - The Dutch republic became a leading power for over 300 years. - In 1609, Dutch claimed Delaware Bay and New York Bay. - The Dutch West India Company seemed they rather raid than trade. - New amsterdam was a company town for the dutch compand in the interests of the stockholders. It late came known as "Wall Street". - 18 different languages were spoken in the streets of New york.
 * Netherlands**

- the indians began massacres because of the dutch cruelties. - the dutch were forced to erect a wall ("wall street") on manhattan island for defense. - New England was hostile to the growth of the dutch. - the swedish began the colony of New sweden after respassing on dutch preserves. This was located on the Delaware River. The colony only lasted from about 1638 to 1655. It ended after Peter Stuyvesant destroyed the swedish colony.
 * Swedish**

- The dutch were kicked out of New Netherlands by the english. - New Netherland was then renamed New york after charles II granted the are to his brother, the Duke of York. - Though the dutch were not in New York, their autocratic spirit survived. - Some land names and architecture still existed from the dutch settlement. - the dutch started easter eggs, santa claus, waffles, sauerkaut, bowling, sleighing, skating and golf.
 * Dutch residues in New York**

- New York, New Jersey, Delaware and Pennsylvania. - The soil was fertile and the expanse of land was broad. - Known as the "bread colonies" - midway between New England and the southern plantation group. - the government was a mixture of the New England and southern governments. - The population was more ethnically mixed. - The people were blessed with an ususual degree of religious toleration and democratic control. - The middle colonies became very successful. - Ben Franklin came to philadelphia at age 17 from boston. Quakers** -Known as the Religious Society of Friends. -Didn’t pay taxes to the Church of England. -Believed that they were all children of god. -Took no oaths. -They didn’t like war or anything to do with it. -1660 joined the Quaker faith. -His family disapproved of this and gave him a sound flogging. -He joined the army and suffered a great amount of persecution for embracing the Quaker faith. -Other less fortunate Quakers died of bad treatment. Many more were fined, flogged or cast into terrible prisons. -In 1681 the King granted him a great area of fertile land in the New World and named it Pennsylvania (Penn’s Woodland). -Pennsylvania was the best advertised of all the colonies. -The advertisements went out in letters printed in English, Dutch, French, and German. -The colony was formally launched in 1681. -Many squatters already inhabited this land, which made Penn’s colony grow even faster. -Penn also bought land from Indians -Freedom of worship was guaranteed to all. -Penn was forced to deny Catholics and Jews the right to vote or hold office. -Pennsylvania attracted a rich mix of many ethnic groups. -This colony was started in 1664. -Many people of New England moved to this colony. -Soon New Jersey was bought from Quakers. -West New Jersey was purchased in 1674 and West New Jersey was purchased in 1702. -There were only three counties in Delaware. -The Witticism goes named after Lord De La Warr who was a harsh military advisor that landed in Virginia in 1610. -It was granted its own assembly in 1703.
 * Middle Colonies**
 * Pennsylvania
 * William Penn**
 * New Jersey**
 * Delaware**