Building+the+New+Nation

=Chapter 9: Confederation and Constitution= Articles of Confederation and the Constitution

1. What were the strengths of the Articles of Confederation? What did they do well? What successes did the US have under the Articles? Why did the Second Contintental Congress create such a weak government? Strengths - model of what loose confederation should be - led up to establishment of constitution - joined states (unity) - outlined central government WHAT GOVT WON THE REVOLUTION FOR THE US? Weak Government - people distrused government (because of previous rule) - weak executive and judicial branches - Gathered ideas of colonies - Articles of confederation won the revolution -gave power to the people and to the legislature GOOD ONE -land expansion under the A.O.C. to the west, New York, Virginia and Carolinas "Northwest Ordinance of 1785 and 1787" NAME NEEDED ABOVE

-The people were afraid of a monarchy. PUT THIS INTO ONE WORD -There was no executive branch to help with military or trade organization

2. What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Why were they considered such a failure? What fears appeared as a result of the government being so weak? the congress was weak wasnt allowed to enforce tax collection or regulate commerce didnt have a strong central government Fears of a weak govt were: Uprisings like Shay's Rebellion might reoccur mobocracy fears of strong government... Antifederalist feared that: -a central government would force them to pay off their debts -would steal basic freedoms from the common folks

3. What issues had to be addressed in order for the convention members to be able to write a new constitution? What compromises addressed these issues? What problems would eventually arise as a result of the compromises made? +How was Congress made up (Different Houses) +How slaves would be incorported into population +How the President would be elected +The Great Compromise (Large states wanted it based on pop. small states wanted equal rep. Bicameral house solved it with both kinds)WHAT WAS THE ISSUE? +THE 3/5 Compromise +Antifederalists v.s Federalists +Nobody was truly happy with the document because of the compromise +There was no Bill of Rights

4. What new powers were given to the central government by the Constitution and how was the government strengthened? What alarmed many critics about the new government? - presidents elected by electoral college -power not totally in the hands of the people - 2 different groups. - Combined the Large and Small State plans in the Great Compromise. - Created the House of Representatives and Senate. -Great compromise -3 branches of government(create, interpret, & enforce laws) -Legislative, Executive and Judicial Branches -Gave the power to tax -Each state has 2 senators -# of representatives based on population

5. What process was used to ratify the Constitution? Why didn't the convention members want the state governments or the Congress to evaluate the Constitution? What methods were used to guarantee that the constitution was ratified? - Created Federalists Papers-James Madison, John Jay, Alexander Hamilton -9 states had to ratify -People wanted a revised confederation, afraid of bigger states controlling the smaller ones(antifederalist fear) -only 9 states had to ratify because the leaders of the constitution feared independent states like Rhode island would not vote for ratification. a unanimous agreement had to be reached inorder for it to be changed- - each state needed majority vote to agree (2/3) -state governments gave legislative branch most power -Massachusetts last to sign, fully ratified 1788 -The federalsists guaranteed the antifederalsists they would put in an ammendment of a bill of rights. 6. What issues divided the anti-Federalists and Federalists concerning the Constitution? What groups made up the opponents and supporters of the Constitution? Why is the ratification of the Constitution called "A Conservative Triumph?"

THIS ONE NEEDS WORK, VERY SPARSE.

- If the states have less power the people have less power. Federalists believed in a strong central government Anti-Federalists believed in weak central government. Anti federalits beleved in states rights Anti-federalists feared taxation by a strong central government. Alexander hamilton, George washington, Benjamin Franklin both Federalists Samuel Adams, patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee all Anti Federalists

=Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State=

1. What was the goal of Hamilton's financial plan? Hamiltons financial plan was that to make the gov. favor the wealthy groups so they would lend them monetary and political support. The prosperity of the propertied class would then trickle down to the masses. He then incurred all the national debt and state debt to get confidence in the states and to bring all of the major invetors away from state governmens and to the Federal government. Massachucetts loved the idea but Virginia didn't and wanted the states to keep their debt. So, the compromise that made them happy was the District of Columbia would be put on the Potomac River to bring commerce and prestige to VIrginia. Its idea was also to put tariffs on imported goods and excice on whiskey to raise money.

Hamilton's financial plan transfered state debts into the national debt so that they could pay off the debt collaboratively. Many of the states with large debts, such as Massachusetts, were happy with this plan. However states with marginal debts, like Virginia, were unhappy because they would have to deal with debts that were not thiers. To please them, a compromise was made to make a federal district (District of Columbia) on the Potomac River so that Virginia could be brought commerce. 2. Briefly describe each of the five parts of the plan and the goal of each:

Fund at par Funding was put into play because Hamilton did not have enough funds to float his risky schmes. So, he urged Congress to take on all the debt, and pay the money worth a dollar instead of it being worth around fifteen cents. The states would have to pay the debt together instead of the highly debted states paying all of the tax and other states not paying much of anything. Whereas the funding at par favored the aristocratic rich citizens and would get their support for the Federal Government.

Assumption- The debts that the states' owed would be a national debt instead of and idividual one. Hamilton created this so the states would "chain more tightly on the federal chariot". Meaning that the government would be more centralized by this idea.

Taxes Hamilton decided to suggest an excise tax to make additional revenue. This tax put into place a 7 cents a gallon on whiskey. Hamilton's idea was also to put tariffs on imported goods and excice on whiskey to raise money.

The Bank of the US Hamilton proposed to create a bank of which the government would be th main stock holder. This is where the federal treasury would deposit its money.

Currency The bank of the US would provide the country with a stable national currency. The continental dollar was not worth alot so this was a major influence on the US.

3. How did each of the following help lead to political parties?

Hamilton and Jefferson Hamilton and Jefferson had a bitter resentment between eachothers views. Whereas Hamilton was not a native of the U.S. his loyalty to the states was questioned. Jefferson was all for the people and for power in the legislature. Hamilton was for the rich and aristocratic people to support the strong central government. Hamilton's revenue-raising and centralizing policies had enchroached on the states' rights, therefore leading Jefferson to take-up for his and the States' rights, thereby forming two sides to the argument ultimately leading to two major parties...the Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans and the Hamiltonian Federalists. The Constitution Hamilton and Jefferson had a disagreement over whether the new bank followed the constution. Jefferson said that it went aganist the new Bill of Rights (10th amendment) because the power to establish the bank was susposed to be for the states, not the government's power. Jefferson argued by saying that it didn't go aganist the constution and that what wasn't forbidden was permitted. This argument between the two men led to a the separation and formation of the two political parties.

4. How did the French Revolution draw the US into trouble with

Britain -The treaty with France pulled in the Americans, and the British were angry with this treaty and Britian started to attack the merchain ships of the Americans. - Britian was looked at as a foe to the Jeffersonians, who sided with France, because of the issues of the Revolutionary War, and this caused conflicts between them and the other political parties in the United States. - The treaty of Paris also pulled in the United States. The Bristish thought they would be backed by United States because they initially signed the treaty giving them land and Independance from any country in the United States. France - The Franco-American Alliance was to bind the two countries forever, and the French believed that the United States was to help the french defend their West Indies against the British who were certain to attack these islands. -It was also argues that America owed France their freedom and it was time to pay their debt back to France. -The alliance between the Americans and France pulled the Americans in with France's revolution. Since the Frech had helped the Americans with their revol

5. How can you best describe the foreign policies of Washington and Adams?

Washington and Adams's policies could best be described as an avoidance of war and conflict with foreign countries. During the French Revolution, America tried its best to stay neutral, hence the Neutrality Proclamation issued by Mr. Washington. Alien laws struck heavily at undesirable immigrants. Under these laws, the President was empowered to deport dangerous foreigners in time of peace and to deport or imprison them in time of hostilities. It was one of the first cases of isolationism.

6. Why did the Federalist party begin to die? The federalist party began to die because their views were too radical. They didn't want to give enough state rights.

7. Evaluate Adams' decision concerning the X, Y, Z Affair and his reasoning behind his decision. To be asked to pay large sums of money, while the country was already in debt, was outrageous. It was an excellent idea of leaving because if they didn't, the delegates would have probably sparked a war between France and America, just because they had to pay to speak to Talleyrand. Instead of settling the issue of attacking ships, Adams and his men returned home to join the fun. They started to capture french merchant ships even though in the end, the French captured nearly 4 times as many. Things like this (capturing foreign ships) could also lead to war. To save the country from war, he installed a new minister in France and then created the Convention of 1800 which ended tension between France and America and provided oppurtunities for future transactions between the two.

8. How did Jefferson's views differ from the Federalists concerning the new nation? Jefferson believed : -a weak central government at the expense of states' rights -encouragment to state banks -relatively free spech and press -strict construction -a good government was a one that goverened less

Federalist believed: -a powerful government so as to preserce states' rights -a powerful central bank, Bank of the United States -restrictions of free speech and press -Loose construction -favored the richer arisocratic citizens, beleived they could control the government

9. How were Jefferson's views similar to the Federalists? there weren't many similarites, both parties were very different from each other Jefferson's views were similar in the fact that they agreed that Isolationism, or staying neutral in conflict was the way to keep the U.S. safe.

=Chapter 13-Jackson= > - Document C: They said Jackson represented the country's untutored instincts. > - Document D: Jackson was considered ignorant, hypocritical and corrupt by the people. > - Document F: After Jackson killed the bank, the country was in a big depression. > - Document N: In the 19th century: > - looking for a way to get quick rich. > - Money meant eveything. > - People believed strongly in human perfectibility. > - People argued that man was to be a reformer. > - Document O: Indian Removal Act > - Document Q: > - The First Inaugural Address. Inaugural Brawl, citizens caused chaos. > - Document R: > - In Jacksons Farwell Address. "In this great and glorious Republic would soon be broken into a multitude of petty states armed for mutual aggressions, loaded with taxes to pay armies and leader, seeking aid against each other from foreign powers, insulted and trampled upon by the nations of Europe.." > - "Every good citizens should at all times stand ready to put down, with the combined force of the nation, every attempt at unlawful resistance, under whatever pretext it made be made or whatever shape it may assume."(kill unlawful citizens) > - Document T: Jackson did things that went against the constitution (stated Henry Clay) > - Document Z: Jackson uprooted the indians from their native land > - Document C: They said Jackson represented the country's untutored instincts. > - Document D: Jackson was considered ignorant, hypocritical and corrupt by the people. > - Document F: After Jackson killed the bank, the country was in a big depression. > - Document N: In the 19th century: > - looking for a way to get quick rich. > - Money meant eveything. > - People believed strongly in human perfectibility. > - People argued that man was to be a reformer. > - Document O: Indian Removal Act > - Document Q: > - The First Inaugural Address. Inaugural Brawl, citizens caused chaos. > - Document R: > - In Jacksons Farwell Address. "In this great and glorious Republic would soon be broken into a multitude of petty states armed for mutual aggressions, loaded with taxes to pay armies and leader, seeking aid against each other from foreign powers, insulted and trampled upon by the nations of Europe.." > - "Every good citizens should at all times stand ready to put down, with the combined force of the nation, every attempt at unlawful resistance, under whatever pretext it made be made or whatever shape it may assume."(kill unlawful citizens) > - Document T: Jackson did things that went against the constitution (stated Henry Clay) > - Document Z: Jackson uprooted the indians from their native land > > Document A: Map shows that the nation's vote was separated between Adams and Jackson. Jackson had a bigger following in the south. > > Document C: The rich voted mostly against Jackson. Many thought he represented the lower classes. > > Document G: South Carolina, along with the the other southern states, was displeased with the tariffs imposed on them. > > Document K: > - racism to and separation from Native Americans > - class conflicts: white racists > - Native Americans = inferior > > Document L: A map that shows the class conflict of trail of tears. > > Document R: In his Farewell address Jackson predicted that the nation would fall apart. > > Document Z: Letter From The cherokee > seperated the native americans from american culture and forced them to move to new land.
 * 1) He was barbaric and hurt the nation
 * 2) - Document B: spoils system, gave political supporters public office, instead of letting the most qualified person have the job
 * 1) - Document B: spoils system, gave political supporters public office, instead of letting the most qualified person have the job
 * 1) He was heroic and helped the nation-more democracy
 * 2) He caused class and sectional conflict

Jackson Documents Document A -John C. Calhoun, speech, "Address to the People of the United States"-not biased -States are are free and seperated for Britian, and that no authority can be exercised without consent of the states. -States have the right of consent over what authority that is excercised ove them. -

Document I - Important showing Harrison with the officers drinking his hard cider and shaking hands with him. - American flag with Harrison and Tyler written on it. - Shows that the officers wanted harrison to become president and was popular with the state. - "Tippecanoe and Tyler too"

Document J - Inauguration of Andrew Jackson, Mrs. Samuel Harrison Smith -

Document E: - painting- important - Indians are traveling to OK because were forced out by Jackson. - Jackson went aganist the Supreme Court. The Indian Removal Act was passed. - Jackson did something unconstitutinal when he went aganist the S.C. (John Marshall). This caused the trail of tears and indians died from starvation and brutal conditions along the way. Document F: - Henry Clay's speech before Senate- biast - Jackson has built up and constructed nothing. - Jackson is not liked by Clay because of the bad things he has done for the country. He is going to leave the country in a bad position for the next president. - A major reason why jackson left the country in a bad position was becasue he killed the BUS. This left the country with a shakey economy and in a depression.